EPiC database - Ceramic tile

This material is part of the free Environmental Performance in Construction (EPiC) Database. The EPiC Database contains embodied environmental flow coefficients for 250+ construction materials using a comprehensive hybrid life cycle inventory approach.

Ceramic tiles are popular for their decorative, hard wearing, stain resistant, and water resistant qualities. Glazed tiles provide a more water and stain resistant finish, while unglazed tiles have a rougher, more natural appearance and texture. A surface coating is often applied to unglazed tiles, to provided additional water proofing.

Ceramic tiles are made from natural clays, feldspar, silica and other materials. Clays and additives are sorted and pulverised to ensure a consistent texture and consistency. The mixture is then formed into tile shaped elements, dried, and fired in a high temperature oven/kiln. Glazing and surface treatments are applied for waterproofing, and aesthetic purposes.

Ceramic tiles are used for interior and exterior non-structural purposes including flooring, cladding and decorative elements. They are commonly used in kitchens, bathrooms and wet areas.